Neurofeedback – method and training process

Neurofeedback is a scientifically based training method in which individuals use visual and auditory feedback to specifically influence mental states and better regulate their own brain activity.

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How does neurofeedback work?

The electrical activity of the brain is recorded and fed back in real time by means of a so-called electroencephalogram (EEG). This means that trainees receive no external signals, but rather feedback on their own neural activity. A longer-term learning process takes place - the brain sustainably alters its pattern of activity and acquired skills are permanently retained.

From a psychological perspective, these learning processes can be explained by the so-called operant conditioning mechanism. Here, brain activity experiences continually positive feedback regarding the qualities to be trained.

What is the goal of neurofeedback training? What can you achieve?

Continuous training enables one to learn to flexibly achieve and maintain certain mental states, e.g. relaxation and states of meditation, as well as focused attention and concentration, even outside the training session and training environment. Practicing neurofeedback can make it possible to permanently improve thinking, behavior and general well-being.

Neurofeedback has an extremely wide range of potential applications. This is above all due to the fact that the mechanisms of brain activity which are addressed by training are found at a very fundamental level, and a change in these mechanisms may affect a number of mental or emotional states or physical symptoms.

By way of example: A special type of neurofeedback training gradually strengthens a basic frequency of brain activity, which in turn is associated with e.g. a positive impact on the ability to concentrate as well as improvement in memory and sleep - but also with a reduction in susceptibility to epileptic seizures in other contexts.

Find more detailed information on how the method can be applied in

• Neurofeedback in the treatment of mental and neurological disorders
• Neurofeedback for job, school, study, and leisure and
• Neurofeedback in sports

What takes place during training?

Typically, a complete neurofeedback training program consists of 10 to 30 sessions. Depending on circumstances, an individual trains 1-2 times a week, with one session lasting approximately 75-90 minutes. Initially, the individual training objective and individual conditions are determined. Specific neurofeedback goals are then developed based on this, and a training plan is created.

During the course of the progressive training sessions, an individual goes through the following phases:

1. a learning phase, in which the individual learns to link the feedback and the particular mental state
2. an automation phase, in which this linking becomes automatic
3. a stabilization and transfer phase, in which the trainee applies what has been learned in more targeted fashion and integrates it into everyday life